Landscape Design Element: Hierarchy
Hierarchy in landscape design is used to emphasize or highlight certain elements in the garden. Sometimes this emphasis is on an entry or another key feature. For hierarchy to be effective we need to set a standard, be it a size, material, color, or pattern, and then deviate from that standard to establish a differentiation. You can achieve this through several different methods that are detailed below.
A widening walk, change in materials and pattern plus colorful plants all indicate this is the place to go.
Scale in Design
Using scale is a common and effective way to establish hierarchy in landscape design. Larger planters, taller arches, and wider paths all act as visual cues, signaling what elements are most important. Conversely, objects of a smaller scale can provide contrast, reinforcing the prominence of the focal elements. For example, a 5-foot-wide bluestone walkway leading to the front door stands in deliberate contrast to a 2-foot-wide bluestone path of stepping stones guiding guests to a side entry. While the material remains the same, the difference in scale introduces a clear visual hierarchy in the design.
The wider bluestone walk leads to the front door while the 2′ x 2′ stepping stone path leads on to a secondary entry.
Level of Design Detail
Incorporating more intricate and ornate details can also elevate the hierarchy within a landscape. This can be achieved by selecting a more elaborate paving material or by arranging plants with contrasting textures around a primary entrance. These enhanced design elements naturally draw the eye and guide movement toward focal points. Often, ornamental “specimen” plants are strategically placed in key areas, while more common or uniform plantings are used elsewhere to support the overall hierarchy of the design.
A change in materials from asphalt to a more detailed bluestone walkway is an example of materials creating hierarchy.
Color
Color is another powerful tool in creating hierarchy within a landscape design. By incorporating bright or contrasting hues, you can highlight specific features and direct attention with intention. For instance, placing a red-leaf Japanese maple near the front entry contrasts effectively with the surrounding green foliage, immediately drawing the viewer’s gaze. This use of color not only adds interest but also reinforces the visual priorities within the overall design.
A colorful garden at the front entry draws the guest in as intended.
Placement
Placement plays a fundamental role in establishing hierarchy. One of the most straightforward methods is to position an object on axis or at the center of a composition—especially in formal garden designs. This immediately signals its importance. Conversely, de-emphasizing a secondary entry or a less significant feature can be as simple as placing it off to the side. This strategic placement, in combination with scale, detail, and color, helps communicate a clear design intent throughout the landscape.
By Ken Muellers, Lifetime CNLP
Additional Information:
Negative Space as a Design Element | Vol.1